Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a paradigm shift in natural language processing (NLP), integrating large language models (LLMs) with dynamic information retrieval systems to produce responses that are both contextually enriched and factually grounded (Lewis et al. 2020). At its core, the RAG architecture couples a conventional generative model—one that
A pseudonymous developer unveiled the SpeechMap "free speech eval" on 16 April 2025, measuring how different AI models—including OpenAI's ChatGPT and X's Grok—respond to sensitive and controversial topics. The benchmarking tool compares 78 different AI models across 492 question themes, analysing over
On 8 April 2025, Amazon announced the Nova Sonic foundation model, which combines speech understanding and speech generation into a single model, enabling more human-like voice-based conversations in AI applications. This new technology not only comprehends what is said but also how it is said—including tone, style, and speech
The development of artificial intelligence has never been as rapid and significant as shown by the annual report published on 7 April 2025 by Stanford University’s Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. Now in its eighth year, the AI Index provides a comprehensive overview of global AI developments, covering technical
On 18 March 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia unanimously ruled that creations generated solely by artificial intelligence are not eligible for copyright protection, reinforcing that copyright law presupposes a human creator. The decision came in a case brought by computer scientist Stephen Thaler,
On 17 February 2025, Chinese company StepFun publicly released its open-source text-to-video generation model, Step-Video-T2V, featuring 30 billion parameters. Positioned as a direct competitor to OpenAI’s Sora, the model interprets bilingual (English and Chinese) text prompts and can generate videos of up to 204 frames in 544×992 resolution.
The Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on 26th January 2023 is gaining increasing significance in regulating GenAI. The framework is built on four primary functions—governance, mapping, measurement, and management—which assist organisations in developing and evaluating trustworthy
Perplexity announced its new AI-based web browser, Comet, on 24th February 2025, which the company claims will revolutionise internet browsing, just as they previously redefined search. In its post on the X social platform, the company characterised the product as automated intelligent searching and has already launched a waiting list
The United States Copyright Office issued a landmark statement on copyright protection for works created with artificial intelligence in January 2025. After processing 10,000 professional observations, the office concluded that AI-assisted creations may enjoy legal protection provided they contain a sufficient degree of human creativity, whilst purely AI-generated works
Apple announced on 24th February 2025 that it will invest more than $500 billion in the United States over the next four years. According to the company's statement, this represents the largest investment commitment of all time, which includes a new 23,225 square metre server processing facility
OpenAI announced on 25th February 2025 that it is making its Deep Research feature available to all paying ChatGPT users. The advanced research tool, which is based on the o3 model and was previously accessible only to Pro users, is now available to Plus (for $20 per month), Team, Edu,
Anthropic unveiled the Claude 3.7 Sonnet model on 24th February 2025, the first hybrid reasoning model on the market with a novel thinking capability. This new feature allows the model to dedicate more time and computational resources to solving complex problems whilst making the thinking process visible to users.
