Having explored the definitional complexities and historical evolution of AI, we now examine how these developments have crystallised into systematic taxonomies. The progression from symbolic systems to contemporary neural architectures—traced in the previous sections—has given rise to increasingly sophisticated attempts to classify AI systems according to their capabilities
Having examined the diverse definitional approaches to AI, we now turn to the historical trajectory that has shaped these conceptual frameworks. The theoretical foundations discussed above—particularly Turing's behavioural criterion and the Dartmouth Conference's formalisable intelligence hypothesis—provided the intellectual scaffolding for AI's subsequent
The concept of Artificial Intelligence is characterised by conceptual plurality, reflecting divergent disciplinary perspectives and evolving technological capacities (Bringsjord & Govindarajulu 2024). Whilst numerous definitions have been proposed, there is no universally accepted formulation. Instead, understandings of AI range from attempts to replicate human cognition to approaches centred on rational
