AIREVOLUTION

Challenges in Natural Language Processing: Linguistic Ambiguity, Context, and Cultural Differences

The transformative potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP), as a cornerstone of artificial intelligence, lies in its ability to enable machines to understand and generate human language, facilitating advanced human-computer interaction and knowledge extraction. However, the complexity of human language presents significant obstacles, particularly in managing linguistic ambiguity, contextual nuances,

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Mar 18, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 3 Chapter 1

Fundamentals and Purpose of Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a pivotal subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. By enabling machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language, NLP bridges the gap between human communication and computational systems. This essay explores the fundamentals of NLP, its

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Mar 10, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 2 Chapter 4

Neural networks as specialised models within machine learning

Neural networks represent one of the most significant developments in machine learning, offering computational models inspired by the biological neural networks of animal brains. As specialised models within the broader machine learning paradigm, neural networks have evolved from theoretical constructs to practical tools that drive modern artificial intelligence applications. This

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Mar 5, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 2 Chapter 3

Main Types of Machine Learning: Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning

Machine learning (ML), a fundamental pillar of artificial intelligence, equips computational systems with the capacity to derive insights from data and refine their performance autonomously. Its profound influence permeates diverse domains, encompassing medical diagnostics, financial modelling, and autonomous systems. This essay offers a critical examination of the three principal paradigms

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 25, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 2 Chapter 2

The Development of Learning Machines: From Simple Models to Complex Pattern Recognition Systems

The evolution of learning machines, a cornerstone of Artificial Intelligence (AI), represents one of the most transformative developments in modern science and technology. From rudimentary rule-based systems to sophisticated pattern recognition models capable of processing vast datasets, the trajectory of AI reflects both technological innovation and shifting conceptual paradigms. Defining

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 20, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 2 Chapter 1

Fundamental Principles of Machine Learning and Its Place in the AI Ecosystem

Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, focuses on algorithms that enable systems to learn patterns from data and make predictions or decisions. Mitchell (1997, 2) provides a foundational definition: “A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 15, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 1 Chapter 3

Typologies of Artificial Intelligence: Narrow, General, and Superintelligent Systems

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative field within computer science, encompassing technologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and problem-solving. In academic literature, AI is often categorised into three primary types: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 10, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 1 Chapter 2

Brief history and milestones in AI development

The conceptual foundations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged in the 1940s, most notably through Alan Turing’s work on computation. In his influential paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Turing (1950) introduced the “Imitation Game” (now the Turing Test) as a pragmatic benchmark for determining whether a machine could mimic human

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 5, 2025

GenAI textbook Part 1 Chapter 1

Definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The concept of Artificial Intelligence is characterised by conceptual plurality, reflecting divergent disciplinary perspectives and evolving technological capacities (Bringsjord & Govindarajulu 2024). Whilst numerous definitions have been proposed, there is no universally accepted formulation. Instead, understandings of AI range from attempts to replicate human cognition to approaches centred on rational

by Miklós Sebők - Rebeka Kiss • Feb 1, 2025